Next microsoft phone will be high end – Microsoft’s Next Phone Will Be High-End, and it’s set to shake up the smartphone market. After years of trying and failing to break into the mobile space, Microsoft is finally returning with a phone that aims to compete with the best of the best. This time, they’re focusing on a high-end experience, promising cutting-edge technology, innovative design, and a seamless integration with Microsoft’s existing ecosystem.
The company’s previous attempts, like the Windows Phone and Lumia series, fell short due to a combination of factors including limited app availability, a fragmented market, and a lack of compelling features. But this time, Microsoft seems to be taking a different approach, learning from past mistakes and capitalizing on the strengths of their software and services.
Microsoft’s Phone History
Microsoft’s journey in the mobile phone market has been a rollercoaster ride, marked by both innovation and setbacks. From the early days of Windows Mobile to the recent Surface Duo, the company has consistently strived to carve a niche for itself in the fiercely competitive smartphone landscape.
Evolution of Microsoft’s Mobile Phone Efforts
Microsoft’s foray into the mobile phone market began with Windows Mobile, a mobile operating system released in 2000. This operating system powered a wide range of smartphones from various manufacturers, including HTC, Samsung, and LG. Windows Mobile was known for its robust features and business-oriented applications, attracting a loyal user base, particularly among professionals. However, its complex interface and lack of user-friendly features hindered its mass adoption.
In 2010, Microsoft unveiled Windows Phone 7, a redesigned mobile operating system aimed at a wider audience. Windows Phone 7 boasted a modern, intuitive interface and integrated social media features. The introduction of the iconic “Live Tiles” on the home screen offered a personalized and visually appealing user experience. However, the lack of app availability and limited hardware options hampered its growth.
In 2014, Microsoft acquired Nokia’s mobile phone business, marking a significant step in its mobile ambitions. This acquisition brought a wealth of hardware expertise and a strong presence in the budget smartphone market. Microsoft continued to develop Windows Phone, releasing Windows Phone 8 and later Windows 10 Mobile. These versions brought improvements to performance and features, but the platform struggled to gain significant market share.
In 2017, Microsoft announced that it would discontinue support for Windows 10 Mobile, effectively ending its smartphone efforts. The company shifted its focus to other mobile devices, such as the Surface Duo, a dual-screen Android device released in 2020. The Surface Duo represents Microsoft’s latest attempt to innovate in the mobile space, leveraging its expertise in software and hardware to offer a unique user experience.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Past Microsoft Phone Releases
Microsoft’s past phone releases exhibited both strengths and weaknesses. The company’s software expertise and focus on productivity features were its key strengths. Windows Mobile and Windows Phone offered robust email, calendar, and document management capabilities, making them attractive options for professionals.
However, the company faced several challenges:
- Limited app availability: The app ecosystem for Windows Phone was significantly smaller compared to Android and iOS, hindering its appeal to consumers.
- Hardware limitations: Microsoft’s hardware partnerships often resulted in limited device options and lack of innovation in terms of design and features.
- Marketing and branding: Microsoft struggled to effectively market its mobile phones and build a strong brand identity in the competitive smartphone market.
Reasons Behind Microsoft’s Previous Failures in the Smartphone Market
Microsoft’s previous failures in the smartphone market can be attributed to a combination of factors:
- Delayed entry: Microsoft entered the smartphone market relatively late, allowing Android and iOS to establish a dominant position.
- Lack of focus: Microsoft’s mobile efforts were often overshadowed by its focus on other products and services, such as Windows and Office.
- Strategic missteps: Microsoft made several strategic missteps, including the acquisition of Nokia, which proved to be a costly venture.
- Market dynamics: The smartphone market is highly competitive, with rapid technological advancements and evolving consumer preferences.
Market Analysis
The high-end smartphone market is a fiercely competitive landscape, with a handful of dominant players vying for the attention of discerning consumers. This market segment is characterized by cutting-edge technology, premium materials, and a focus on delivering the best possible user experience.
Key Players and Their Offerings
The high-end smartphone market is dominated by a few key players, each with its own unique strengths and offerings.
- Apple: Known for its sleek design, powerful processors, and robust ecosystem, Apple’s iPhones consistently rank among the top-selling smartphones globally. The iPhone 14 Pro series, for instance, features the powerful A16 Bionic chip, a high-resolution display, and a sophisticated camera system.
- Samsung: Samsung, another industry giant, is renowned for its innovative foldable phones, high-resolution displays, and advanced camera capabilities. The Galaxy S23 series, launched in early 2023, boasts a powerful Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 processor, a 200MP camera sensor, and a stunning Dynamic AMOLED 2X display.
- Google: Google’s Pixel phones are known for their exceptional camera quality, clean Android experience, and innovative features like Google Assistant integration. The Pixel 7 series, released in October 2022, features the Google Tensor G2 chip, a powerful camera system with advanced computational photography, and a clean, user-friendly software experience.
Key Features and Technologies
Several key features and technologies define a high-end smartphone in 2023:
- Powerful Processors: High-end smartphones are powered by the latest and most powerful processors, ensuring smooth performance, fast app loading times, and seamless multitasking. For example, the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 and Apple’s A16 Bionic chip are prime examples of cutting-edge processors found in flagship phones.
- High-Resolution Displays: High-end smartphones feature high-resolution displays, often with OLED or AMOLED technology, offering vibrant colors, deep blacks, and exceptional clarity. Samsung’s Galaxy S23 series, for instance, features a 2X Dynamic AMOLED display with a 120Hz refresh rate, delivering a smooth and immersive visual experience.
- Advanced Camera Systems: High-end smartphones prioritize camera performance, with advanced features like multi-lens setups, high-resolution sensors, and sophisticated image processing algorithms. The Google Pixel 7 series, for example, is renowned for its exceptional camera capabilities, including features like Night Sight and Magic Eraser.
- Premium Materials and Design: High-end smartphones often feature premium materials like glass, metal, and ceramic, contributing to a luxurious feel and a robust build quality. The iPhone 14 Pro, for example, features a stainless steel frame and a durable ceramic shield glass.
- Fast Charging and Long Battery Life: High-end smartphones offer fast charging capabilities, allowing users to quickly replenish their battery, and extended battery life, ensuring they can use their devices for longer periods without needing to recharge.
- 5G Connectivity: 5G connectivity is now a standard feature in high-end smartphones, offering faster download and upload speeds, lower latency, and improved network performance.
- Advanced Security Features: High-end smartphones prioritize user security with advanced features like fingerprint sensors, facial recognition, and secure enclaves for protecting sensitive data.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Flagship Phones
Comparing and contrasting the strengths and weaknesses of flagship phones from Apple, Samsung, and Google:
- Apple:
- Strengths: Strong ecosystem integration, seamless software experience, powerful processors, robust security features, and high resale value.
- Weaknesses: Relatively high price, limited customization options, lack of expandable storage, and reliance on proprietary Lightning connector.
- Samsung:
- Strengths: Innovative foldable phones, high-resolution displays, advanced camera capabilities, wide range of models, and expandable storage.
- Weaknesses: Bloated software experience, occasional performance issues, and relatively high price.
- Google:
- Strengths: Exceptional camera quality, clean and user-friendly Android experience, innovative software features, and competitive pricing.
- Weaknesses: Limited availability in some regions, less robust ecosystem compared to Apple, and limited customization options compared to Samsung.
Potential Features and Specifications
The next Microsoft phone will likely be a flagship device, competing with the best from Apple, Samsung, and Google. This means it will need to offer top-of-the-line hardware, cutting-edge camera technology, and a unique software experience that sets it apart.
Hardware Specifications
The hardware specifications will be crucial for the phone’s performance and overall user experience. Here’s a breakdown of potential hardware features:
- Processor: The phone will likely be powered by Qualcomm’s latest Snapdragon chipset, potentially the Snapdragon 8 Gen 3, which will deliver exceptional performance for demanding tasks and gaming.
- RAM: To handle multitasking and demanding apps smoothly, the phone will likely offer 12GB or 16GB of RAM, with the possibility of a 24GB option for the most powerful configuration.
- Storage: The base model will likely start with 256GB of internal storage, with options for 512GB and 1TB for users who need ample space for photos, videos, and apps.
- Display: Microsoft could opt for a high-resolution AMOLED display with a refresh rate of 120Hz or even 144Hz, providing a smooth and immersive viewing experience. The display size will likely be around 6.7 inches, offering a comfortable viewing area.
Camera Technologies and Features
Microsoft has a history of pushing the boundaries of mobile photography, and the next phone is expected to continue this trend.
- Main Camera: The phone could feature a triple or quad-camera setup, with a high-resolution main sensor (potentially 50MP or higher) for capturing detailed images.
- Ultrawide Lens: A wide-angle lens will allow for capturing expansive landscapes and group photos, providing a wider perspective.
- Telephoto Lens: A telephoto lens with optical zoom capabilities will enable users to capture distant subjects with clarity and detail, enhancing the phone’s versatility for photography and videography.
- Advanced Image Processing: Microsoft’s software expertise will likely be leveraged to enhance image quality through advanced algorithms, including AI-powered noise reduction, dynamic range optimization, and scene recognition.
- Video Recording: The phone will likely support 8K video recording at high frame rates, offering professional-grade video quality.
Software Features and Integrations
Microsoft’s strength lies in its software ecosystem, and the next phone will likely showcase a range of innovative software features and integrations.
- AI Integration: Microsoft’s AI capabilities will be deeply integrated into the phone’s software, enhancing features like voice assistant, camera, and productivity tools.
- Productivity Tools: Microsoft’s suite of productivity apps, including Microsoft Office, Outlook, and OneDrive, will be seamlessly integrated into the phone’s experience, offering a powerful and convenient way to work on the go.
- Unique User Experiences: Microsoft could introduce unique software features that leverage its expertise in areas like gaming, creativity, and accessibility, providing a differentiated user experience compared to competitors.
Design and Aesthetics
The design of the next Microsoft phone will be crucial in attracting users and establishing a unique identity in the competitive smartphone market. Microsoft has a history of innovative design, and the next phone should leverage this legacy while incorporating contemporary trends and user preferences.
Material Choices and Form Factor
The choice of materials and form factor significantly influences the overall aesthetic and user experience. Premium materials such as aluminum, titanium, and ceramic can create a sophisticated and durable feel.
- Aluminum: A popular choice for its strength, lightweight nature, and affordability. It can be anodized in various colors to provide a sleek and modern look.
- Titanium: A highly durable and lightweight metal that offers superior scratch resistance and a distinctive metallic finish. It’s often used in high-end devices for its premium feel.
- Ceramic: Known for its scratch resistance, durability, and smooth tactile feel. It can provide a unique and luxurious aesthetic, though it’s often more expensive than other materials.
The form factor, whether a traditional bar phone or a folding design, will impact the phone’s portability and screen size.
- Traditional Bar Phone: Offers a familiar and comfortable design, making it easy to hold and use.
- Folding Design: Provides a larger screen experience when unfolded, while remaining compact when folded. This approach allows for a more immersive multimedia experience but requires careful engineering to ensure durability and a seamless user experience.
Modular Design
A modular design allows for customization and upgradeability, enabling users to personalize their phones by adding or removing modules for specific functions. This approach can enhance the phone’s longevity and cater to diverse user needs.
- Camera Modules: Allow users to upgrade their camera capabilities with specialized lenses or sensors.
- Battery Modules: Provide extended battery life or support for faster charging.
- Storage Modules: Enable users to expand their storage capacity as needed.
Unique Design Features
The next Microsoft phone should incorporate innovative and unique design features to differentiate itself from competitors.
- Integrated Stylus: A retractable stylus, similar to the Samsung S Pen, can enhance productivity and creativity, particularly for note-taking and drawing.
- Under-Display Camera: This technology hides the front-facing camera beneath the display, creating a more immersive viewing experience with a full-screen design.
- 3D Depth Sensing: Integrated depth sensors can enhance AR experiences, improve facial recognition, and enable more realistic 3D content creation.
Target Audience and Marketing Strategy
A successful high-end Microsoft phone requires a targeted approach to reach its desired customer base. This involves understanding the specific needs and preferences of the target audience and crafting a marketing strategy that effectively resonates with them.
Identifying the Target Audience
Microsoft should focus on a multi-faceted target audience that values premium features, a seamless integration with the Microsoft ecosystem, and a brand that prioritizes security and privacy. This audience can be segmented into several key groups:
- Professionals and Business Leaders: This segment prioritizes productivity, security, and seamless integration with their work tools. They are likely to be early adopters of new technology and value a phone that enhances their workflow.
- Tech Enthusiasts and Early Adopters: This segment is always looking for the latest and greatest technology and is willing to pay a premium for cutting-edge features. They are likely to be active on social media and engage with technology reviews and discussions.
- Creative Professionals and Content Creators: This segment requires a phone with powerful processing capabilities, a high-quality camera, and robust editing tools. They are likely to be active on social media platforms and value a phone that allows them to create and share their work effortlessly.
- Security-Conscious Individuals: This segment places a high priority on privacy and data security. They are likely to be drawn to a phone with advanced security features and a strong reputation for data protection.
Key Marketing Messages and Strategies
To effectively reach the target audience, Microsoft should emphasize the following key marketing messages:
- Seamless Integration with the Microsoft Ecosystem: Microsoft should highlight the phone’s ability to seamlessly integrate with other Microsoft products and services, such as Office 365, OneDrive, and Teams. This will appeal to professionals and business leaders who value a unified and efficient work experience.
- Premium Features and Performance: The marketing campaign should showcase the phone’s advanced features, such as a powerful processor, a high-quality camera, and a long-lasting battery. This will appeal to tech enthusiasts and early adopters who are looking for the latest and greatest technology.
- Unparalleled Security and Privacy: Microsoft should emphasize the phone’s robust security features and its commitment to protecting user data. This will appeal to security-conscious individuals who are looking for a phone they can trust.
- Creative Tools and Capabilities: The marketing campaign should highlight the phone’s capabilities for creative professionals and content creators, such as its high-quality camera, powerful editing tools, and seamless integration with creative apps.
- Premium Design and Craftsmanship: The marketing campaign should showcase the phone’s elegant design and premium materials, appealing to those who value aesthetics and quality.
Competitive Landscape and Differentiation
The high-end smartphone market is highly competitive, with major players like Apple, Samsung, and Google vying for market share. To differentiate itself, Microsoft should focus on its strengths:
- Seamless Integration with the Microsoft Ecosystem: This is a key differentiator that sets Microsoft apart from its competitors. By emphasizing the phone’s ability to seamlessly integrate with other Microsoft products and services, Microsoft can attract users who value a unified and efficient experience.
- Strong Focus on Security and Privacy: Microsoft has a strong reputation for security and privacy, which can be a major selling point for users who are concerned about data protection.
- Focus on Productivity and Business Features: Microsoft can position its phone as the ideal device for professionals and business leaders by emphasizing its productivity features and integration with business tools.
Potential Challenges and Opportunities
Microsoft’s foray into the high-end phone market is not without its challenges, but it also presents significant opportunities. Navigating the competitive landscape and leveraging emerging technologies will be crucial for Microsoft’s success.
Market Competition
The high-end phone market is dominated by Apple and Samsung, both established players with strong brand loyalty and extensive ecosystems. Microsoft will need to differentiate its phone to attract customers away from these entrenched competitors.
- Brand Recognition: Microsoft’s brand is associated with software and computing, not necessarily premium smartphones. Building brand recognition in this space will require substantial marketing efforts.
- Ecosystem: Microsoft needs to offer a compelling ecosystem of apps, services, and integrations that rival those of Apple and Samsung. This includes developing exclusive apps and services, and ensuring seamless integration with other Microsoft products.
- Pricing: Competing with Apple and Samsung on price can be challenging. Microsoft needs to find a balance between offering a competitive price point while maintaining high-quality components and features.
Opportunities for Microsoft
Despite the challenges, Microsoft has several opportunities to succeed in the high-end phone market.
- Focus on Productivity and Business: Microsoft has a strong reputation for productivity tools and software. It can leverage this strength by targeting business users and professionals who value productivity features and seamless integration with Microsoft’s software ecosystem.
- Innovation and Differentiation: Microsoft can differentiate its phone by focusing on innovative features and technologies that cater to specific user needs. For example, Microsoft could offer unique AI-powered features, advanced security capabilities, or innovative hardware design.
- Partnerships: Collaborating with other companies can help Microsoft expand its reach and access new markets. Partnerships with mobile carriers, app developers, and hardware manufacturers can strengthen its ecosystem and create unique offerings.
Impact of Emerging Technologies
Emerging technologies like foldable screens and 5G connectivity present both opportunities and challenges for Microsoft.
- Foldable Screens: Foldable screens offer a unique user experience and can differentiate Microsoft’s phone from competitors. However, the technology is still in its early stages, and there are challenges with durability, software optimization, and user adoption.
- 5G Connectivity: 5G promises faster speeds and lower latency, enabling new mobile experiences. Microsoft can capitalize on 5G by offering innovative 5G-enabled features and services, but it needs to ensure its phone supports the latest 5G standards.
The Role of Microsoft’s Ecosystem
Microsoft’s existing ecosystem of software and services, including Windows, Office, and Azure, offers a significant advantage in the smartphone market. This ecosystem provides a platform for seamless integration, enhancing the phone’s functionality and appeal.
Seamless Integration and Enhanced Functionality
Microsoft’s ecosystem allows for a smooth integration of various services and applications. For example, users can seamlessly switch between their phone and their Windows PC, accessing files and documents across devices. They can also utilize Office applications like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint directly on their phone, enhancing productivity.
Leveraging the Ecosystem for Differentiation
Microsoft can leverage its ecosystem to differentiate its phone from competitors by offering unique features and functionalities. For instance, the phone could offer exclusive features like:
- Enhanced cloud storage integration: Leveraging OneDrive for effortless file syncing and access across devices.
- Seamless integration with Microsoft Teams: Providing a streamlined experience for communication and collaboration.
- Integration with Azure services: Offering advanced features like AI-powered voice assistants and personalized recommendations.
Impact on the Smartphone Market
A successful high-end Microsoft phone could significantly impact the smartphone market, shaking up the existing order and potentially reshaping the competitive landscape. Microsoft’s return to the high-end market with a compelling offering could challenge established players like Apple and Samsung, fostering innovation and driving advancements in the industry.
Competition and Innovation
The entry of Microsoft into the high-end smartphone market would introduce a new competitor, forcing existing players to step up their game. The pressure to innovate and differentiate would intensify, leading to:
- Accelerated Innovation: To remain competitive, companies like Apple and Samsung would need to accelerate their innovation cycles, introducing new features and technologies at a faster pace.
- Enhanced Features and Specifications: The competition would push manufacturers to enhance features and specifications, offering consumers more powerful and sophisticated devices.
- Improved User Experience: To stand out, companies would need to focus on improving user experience, offering seamless integration, intuitive interfaces, and enhanced security.
Potential for Disruption, Next microsoft phone will be high end
Microsoft has a history of disrupting markets with innovative products and services. A successful high-end phone could disrupt the smartphone market by:
- Focusing on Integration: Microsoft could leverage its existing ecosystem, integrating its phone seamlessly with Windows PCs, Xbox consoles, and other services. This integrated experience could attract users seeking a cohesive digital environment.
- Emphasis on Security: Microsoft could differentiate itself by prioritizing security, offering robust features and proactive protection against malware and privacy breaches. This could appeal to users concerned about data security and privacy.
- Unique Software and Services: Microsoft could introduce unique software and services tailored to specific user needs, such as productivity tools, creative apps, or gaming features. These exclusive offerings could attract users seeking specialized functionality.
Sustainability and Ethical Considerations
In the contemporary tech landscape, consumers are increasingly demanding products that align with their values and contribute to a more sustainable future. This section explores the importance of sustainability and ethical considerations in the design and manufacturing of the next Microsoft phone, analyzing potential features and technologies that could promote responsible use, and examining the ethical implications of data privacy and security in the context of a high-end smartphone.
Sustainable Design and Manufacturing
A key aspect of responsible product development is minimizing environmental impact. Microsoft can adopt sustainable design principles throughout the phone’s lifecycle, from sourcing materials to end-of-life management.
- Use of recycled materials: Incorporating recycled materials in the phone’s casing, packaging, and components can reduce reliance on virgin resources and minimize waste.
- Energy-efficient components: Employing energy-efficient processors, displays, and other components can reduce the phone’s overall energy consumption, minimizing its carbon footprint.
- Durable construction: Building the phone with robust materials and designs can extend its lifespan, reducing the need for premature replacements and contributing to a circular economy.
- Sustainable packaging: Utilizing eco-friendly packaging materials and minimizing packaging size can reduce waste and environmental impact.
- Responsible sourcing: Ensuring that materials are sourced ethically and sustainably from responsible suppliers can minimize negative social and environmental impacts.
Promoting Responsible Use
Beyond design, promoting responsible phone usage is crucial for sustainability. Microsoft can integrate features and functionalities that encourage eco-conscious behavior.
- Energy-saving modes: Offering various energy-saving modes, such as “low power mode” or “adaptive brightness,” can help users conserve battery life and reduce energy consumption.
- App usage tracking: Providing insights into app usage patterns can empower users to identify and reduce energy-intensive applications, promoting more efficient phone usage.
- Digital well-being features: Implementing features that encourage responsible screen time and digital detox, such as “screen time limits” or “focus mode,” can promote healthier phone usage habits.
- E-waste recycling programs: Establishing comprehensive e-waste recycling programs, including partnerships with local recycling facilities, can ensure responsible disposal of the phone at the end of its lifecycle.
Data Privacy and Security
Data privacy and security are paramount ethical considerations in the context of high-end smartphones. The next Microsoft phone should prioritize user privacy and data protection.
- End-to-end encryption: Implementing end-to-end encryption for user data, including messages, calls, and files, can ensure data security and prevent unauthorized access.
- Transparency and control: Providing users with clear and comprehensive information about data collection practices and offering granular controls over data sharing preferences can empower users to make informed decisions about their privacy.
- Secure authentication: Implementing robust authentication mechanisms, such as multi-factor authentication and biometric security, can strengthen user account security and prevent unauthorized access.
- Data minimization: Designing the phone to collect only necessary data, minimizing data collection and storage, can enhance user privacy and reduce potential risks of data breaches.
- Regular security updates: Providing regular security updates to address vulnerabilities and protect against emerging threats can ensure ongoing data security for users.
Future Outlook and Speculation: Next Microsoft Phone Will Be High End
The future of Microsoft’s phone strategy is shrouded in uncertainty, with the company’s past attempts at capturing the smartphone market ending in mixed results. While Microsoft’s focus has shifted towards its cloud services and software, the potential for a high-end phone release remains a topic of speculation.
The Likelihood of a High-End Phone Release
Microsoft’s past phone releases, such as the Lumia series, were met with varying levels of success. However, the company’s current focus on cloud services and software suggests that a high-end phone release in the near future is unlikely.
“Microsoft has made it clear that its focus is on its cloud services and software, and the company’s recent phone releases have been limited to budget-friendly devices.” – TechCrunch
The company’s current strategy revolves around its Azure cloud platform, Windows operating system, and productivity software like Office 365. While a high-end phone could potentially integrate seamlessly with these services, it is unlikely to be a major priority for Microsoft in the near future.
The Impact of Emerging Technologies
Emerging technologies, such as 5G, foldable displays, and artificial intelligence, have the potential to influence Microsoft’s phone strategy.
- 5G: The rollout of 5G networks could potentially incentivize Microsoft to re-enter the high-end phone market. A 5G-enabled phone could provide a competitive edge in terms of speed and connectivity, especially for users who rely on cloud services and streaming.
- Foldable Displays: Foldable displays offer a unique user experience and could be a differentiator for Microsoft in the smartphone market. A foldable phone with a large screen could potentially enhance productivity and multimedia consumption.
- Artificial Intelligence: AI-powered features, such as intelligent assistants and personalized recommendations, could be integrated into a Microsoft phone to enhance user experience and productivity.
While these technologies offer potential opportunities, Microsoft’s decision to invest in them for a high-end phone release will depend on the company’s strategic priorities and market conditions.
Final Wrap-Up
The future of Microsoft’s phone strategy is uncertain, but one thing is clear: they are serious about making a comeback. If they can deliver on their promises of a high-end experience, a robust ecosystem, and a compelling design, Microsoft might just have what it takes to reclaim a significant share of the smartphone market. Only time will tell if this new phone will be a success, but the stakes are high, and the industry is watching closely.
With Microsoft focusing on a high-end experience for its next phone, it seems like we’re entering a new era of powerful mobile devices. This is reminiscent of the recent news that the Sony PS4 Neo confirmed is coming, a powerful console aimed at delivering a premium gaming experience.
While the PS4 Neo is focused on gaming, Microsoft’s phone might be targeting a similar audience with a focus on high-end features and performance.